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<title>Information engineering</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Information engineering</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Data_engineering" title="Data engineering">Data engineering</a>.</div>

</p><p><b>Information engineering</b> is the <a href="Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> discipline that deals with the generation, distribution, analysis, and use of information, data, and <a href="Knowledge" title="Knowledge">knowledge</a> in electrical systems.<sup id="cite_ref-turing1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turing1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-turing2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turing2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cued1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cued1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The field first became identifiable in the early 21st century.

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<p>The components of information engineering include more theoretical fields such as <a href="Electromagnetism" title="Electromagnetism">Electromagnetism</a>, <a href="Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a>, <a href="Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="Control_theory" title="Control theory">control theory</a>, <a href="Signal_processing" title="Signal processing">signal processing</a>, and <a href="Microelectronics" title="Microelectronics">microelectronics</a>, and more applied fields such as <a href="Computer_vision" title="Computer vision">computer vision</a>, <a href="Natural_language_processing" title="Natural language processing">natural language processing</a>, <a href="Bioinformatics" title="Bioinformatics">bioinformatics</a>, <a href="Medical_image_computing" title="Medical image computing">medical image computing</a>, <a href="Cheminformatics" title="Cheminformatics">cheminformatics</a>, <a href="Autonomous_robotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous robotics">autonomous robotics</a>, <a href="Mobile_robotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile robotics">mobile robotics</a>, and <a href="Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">telecommunications</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-turing1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turing1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-turing2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turing2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cued1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cued1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these originate from <a href="Computer_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer Engineering">Computer Engineering </a>, as well as other branches of engineering such as <a href="Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a>, <a href="Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a> and <a href="Bioengineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioengineering">bioengineering</a>.

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<p>The field of information engineering is based heavily on Engineering and mathematics, particularly <a href="Probability" title="Probability">probability</a>, statistics, <a href="Calculus" title="Calculus">calculus</a>, <a href="Linear_algebra" title="Linear algebra">linear algebra</a>, <a href="Optimization" class="mw-redirect" title="Optimization">optimization</a>, <a href="Differential_equations" class="mw-redirect" title="Differential equations">differential equations</a>, <a href="Variational_calculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Variational calculus">variational calculus</a>, and <a href="Complex_analysis" title="Complex analysis">complex analysis</a>.

</p><p>Information engineers often hold a <a href="Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">degree</a> in information engineering or a related area, and are often part of a <a href="Professional_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional body">professional body</a> such as the <a href="Institution_of_Engineering_and_Technology" title="Institution of Engineering and Technology">Institution of Engineering and Technology</a> or <a href="Institute_of_Measurement_and_Control" title="Institute of Measurement and Control">Institute of Measurement and Control</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are employed in almost all industries due to the widespread use of information engineering.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>In the 1980s/1990s term information engineering referred to an area of software engineering which has come to be known as <a href="Data_engineering" title="Data engineering">data engineering</a> in the 2010s/2020s.<sup id="cite_ref-hist1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hist1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elements">Elements</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Machine_learning_and_statistics">Machine learning and statistics</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">Machine learning</a></div>

<p>Machine learning is the field that involves the use of statistical and <a href="Probabilistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Probabilistic">probabilistic</a> methods to let <a href="Computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Computers">computers</a> "learn" from data without being explicitly programmed.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Data science involves the application of machine learning to extract knowledge from data.

</p><p>Subfields of machine learning include <a href="Deep_learning" title="Deep learning">deep learning</a>, <a href="Supervised_learning" title="Supervised learning">supervised learning</a>, <a href="Unsupervised_learning" title="Unsupervised learning">unsupervised learning</a>, <a href="Reinforcement_learning" title="Reinforcement learning">reinforcement learning</a>, <a href="Semi-supervised_learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-supervised learning">semi-supervised learning</a>, and <a href="Active_learning_(machine_learning)" title="Active learning (machine learning)">active learning</a>.

</p><p><a href="Causal_inference" title="Causal inference">Causal inference</a> is another related component of information engineering.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Control_theory">Control theory</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Control_theory" title="Control theory">Control theory</a></div>

<p>Control theory refers to the control of (<a href="Continuous_function" title="Continuous function">continuous</a>) <a href="Dynamical_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamical systems">dynamical systems</a>, with the aim being to avoid delays, overshoots, or <a href="Stability_theory" title="Stability theory">instability</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Information engineers tend to focus more on control theory rather than the physical design of control systems and <a href="Electronic_circuit" title="Electronic circuit">circuits</a> (which tends to fall under electrical engineering).

</p><p>Subfields of control theory include <a href="Classical_control_theory" title="Classical control theory">classical control</a>, <a href="Optimal_control" title="Optimal control">optimal control</a>, and <a href="Nonlinear_control" title="Nonlinear control">nonlinear control</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Signal_processing">Signal processing</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Signal_processing" title="Signal processing">Signal processing</a></div>

<p>Signal processing refers to the generation, analysis and use of <a href="Signals" class="mw-redirect" title="Signals">signals</a>, which could take many forms such as <a href="Image_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Image processing">image</a>, <a href="Sound_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound processing">sound</a>, electrical, or biological.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Information_theory">Information theory</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Information_theory" title="Information theory">Information theory</a></div>

<p>Information theory studies the analysis, transmission, and storage of information. Major subfields of information theory include <a href="Code" title="Code">coding</a> and <a href="Data_compression" title="Data compression">data compression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Computer_vision">Computer vision</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Computer_vision" title="Computer vision">Computer vision</a></div>

<p>Computer vision is the field that deals with getting computers to understand image and video data at a high level.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_language_processing">Natural language processing</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Natural_language_processing" title="Natural language processing">Natural language processing</a></div>

<p>Natural language processing deals with getting computers to understand human (natural) languages at a high level. This usually means <a href="Text_(literary_theory)" title="Text (literary theory)">text</a>, but also often includes <a href="Speech_processing" title="Speech processing">speech processing</a> and <a href="Speech_recognition" title="Speech recognition">recognition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Bioinformatics" title="Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics</a></div>

<p>Bioinformatics is the field that deals with the analysis, processing, and use of <a href="Biological" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological">biological</a> data.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This usually means topics such as <a href="Genomics" title="Genomics">genomics</a> and <a href="Proteomics" title="Proteomics">proteomics</a>, and sometimes also includes <a href="Medical_image_computing" title="Medical image computing">medical image computing</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cheminformatics">Cheminformatics</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Cheminformatics" title="Cheminformatics">Cheminformatics</a></div>

<p>Cheminformatics is the field that deals with the analysis, processing, and use of <a href="Chemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical">chemical</a> data.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Robotics">Robotics</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Robotics" title="Robotics">Robotics</a></div>

<p>Robotics in information engineering focuses mainly on the <a href="Algorithms" class="mw-redirect" title="Algorithms">algorithms</a> and <a href="Computer_programs" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer programs">computer programs</a> used to control <a href="Robots" class="mw-redirect" title="Robots">robots</a>. As such, information engineering tends to focus more on autonomous, mobile, or probabilistic robots.<sup id="cite_ref-siegwart_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siegwart-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kelly_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kelly-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thrun_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thrun-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major subfields studied by information engineers include <a href="Control_theory" title="Control theory">control</a>, <a href="Computer_vision" title="Computer vision">perception</a>, <a href="Simultaneous_localization_and_mapping" title="Simultaneous localization and mapping">SLAM</a>, and <a href="Motion_planning" title="Motion planning">motion planning</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-siegwart_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siegwart-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kelly_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kelly-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tools">Tools</h2></div>

<p>In the past some areas in information engineering such as signal processing used <a href="Analog_electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog electronics">analog electronics</a>, but nowadays most information engineering is done with <a href="Digital_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital computers">digital computers</a>. Many tasks in information engineering can be <a href="Parallel_algorithm" title="Parallel algorithm">parallelized</a>, and so nowadays information engineering is carried out using <a href="CPU" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU">CPUs</a>, <a href="GPU" class="mw-redirect" title="GPU">GPUs</a>, and <a href="AI_accelerators" class="mw-redirect" title="AI accelerators">AI accelerators</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There has also been interest in using <a href="Quantum_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantum computers">quantum computers</a> for some subfields of information engineering such as <a href="Quantum_machine_learning#Machine_learning_with_quantum_computers" title="Quantum machine learning">machine learning</a> and <a href="Quantum_robotics" title="Quantum robotics">robotics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Aerospace_engineering" title="Aerospace engineering">Aerospace engineering</a> – Branch of engineering</li>

<li><a href="Chemical_engineering" title="Chemical engineering">Chemical engineering</a> – Engineering discipline focused on the operation and design of chemical plants</li>

<li><a href="Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">Civil engineering</a> – Engineering discipline focused on physical infrastructure</li>

<li><a href="Engineering_informatics" title="Engineering informatics">Engineering informatics</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">Internet of things</a> – Internet-like structure connecting everyday physical objects</li>

<li><a href="List_of_engineering_branches" title="List of engineering branches">List of engineering branches</a> – Disciplines into which the field of engineering is conventionally divided</li>

<li><a href="Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">Mechanical engineering</a> – Engineering discipline</li>

<li><a href="Statistics" title="Statistics">Statistics</a> – Study of collection and analysis of data</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBishop2007" class="citation book cs1">Bishop, Christopher (2007). <i>Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning</i>. New York: Springer-Verlag New York Inc. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0387310732</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNise2015" class="citation book cs1">Nise, Norman (2015). <i>Control Systems Engineering</i>. Wiley. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1118170519</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-siegwart-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-siegwart_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siegwart_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSiegwart2011" class="citation book cs1">Siegwart, Roland (2011). <i>Introduction to Autonomous Mobile Robots</i>. MIT Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0262015356</bdi>.</cite></span>

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</ol></div></div>

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</style><div id="Engineering683" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Engineering" title="Engineering">Engineering</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li><a href="History_of_engineering" title="History of engineering">History</a></li>

<li><a href="Outline_of_engineering" title="Outline of engineering">Outline</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_engineering_branches" title="List of engineering branches">List of engineering branches</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialties<br>and<br><a href="Interdisciplinarity" title="Interdisciplinarity">interdisciplinarity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">Civil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Architectural_engineering" title="Architectural engineering">Architectural</a></li>

<li><a href="Coastal_engineering" title="Coastal engineering">Coastal</a></li>

<li><a href="Construction_engineering" title="Construction engineering">Construction</a></li>

<li><a href="Earthquake_engineering" title="Earthquake engineering">Earthquake</a></li>

<li><a href="Ecological_engineering" title="Ecological engineering">Ecological</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_engineering" title="Environmental engineering">Environmental</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sanitary_engineering" title="Sanitary engineering">Sanitary</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Geological_engineering" title="Geological engineering">Geological</a></li>

<li><a href="Geotechnical_engineering" title="Geotechnical engineering">Geotechnical</a></li>

<li><a href="Hydraulic_engineering" title="Hydraulic engineering">Hydraulic</a></li>

<li><a href="Mining_engineering" title="Mining engineering">Mining</a></li>

<li><a href="Municipal_or_urban_engineering" title="Municipal or urban engineering">Municipal/urban</a></li>

<li><a href="Offshore_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Offshore engineering">Offshore</a></li>

<li><a href="River_engineering" title="River engineering">River</a></li>

<li><a href="Structural_engineering" title="Structural engineering">Structural</a></li>

<li><a href="Transportation_engineering" title="Transportation engineering">Transportation</a>

<ul><li><a href="Traffic_engineering_(transportation)" title="Traffic engineering (transportation)">Traffic</a></li>

<li><a href="Railway_engineering" title="Railway engineering">Railway</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">Mechanical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acoustical_engineering" title="Acoustical engineering">Acoustic</a></li>

<li><a href="Aerospace_engineering" title="Aerospace engineering">Aerospace</a></li>

<li><a href="Automotive_engineering" title="Automotive engineering">Automotive</a></li>

<li><a href="Biomechanical_engineering" title="Biomechanical engineering">Biomechanical</a></li>

<li><a href="Energy_engineering" title="Energy engineering">Energy</a></li>

<li><a href="Manufacturing_engineering" title="Manufacturing engineering">Manufacturing</a></li>

<li><a href="Marine_engineering" title="Marine engineering">Marine</a></li>

<li><a href="Naval_architecture" title="Naval architecture">Naval architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Railway_engineering" title="Railway engineering">Railway</a></li>

<li><a href="Sports_engineering" title="Sports engineering">Sports</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermal_engineering" title="Thermal engineering">Thermal</a></li>

<li><a href="Tribology" title="Tribology">Tribology</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">Electrical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Broadcast_engineering" title="Broadcast engineering">Broadcast</a>

<ul><li><a href="Outline_of_computer_engineering" title="Outline of computer engineering">outline</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Control_engineering" title="Control engineering">Control</a></li>

<li><a href="Electromechanics" title="Electromechanics">Electromechanics</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_engineering" title="Electronic engineering">Electronics</a></li>

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<ul><li><a href="Biochemical_engineering" title="Biochemical engineering">Biochemical/bioprocess</a></li>

<li><a href="Biological_engineering" title="Biological engineering">Biological</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bioresource_engineering" title="Bioresource engineering">Bioresource</a></li>

<li><a href="Genetic_engineering" title="Genetic engineering">Genetic</a></li>

<li><a href="Tissue_engineering" title="Tissue engineering">Tissue</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Chemical_reaction_engineering" title="Chemical reaction engineering">Chemical reaction</a></li>

<li><a href="Electrochemical_engineering" title="Electrochemical engineering">Electrochemical</a></li>

<li><a href="Molecular_engineering" title="Molecular engineering">Molecular</a></li>

<li><a href="Paper_engineering" title="Paper engineering">Paper</a></li>

<li><a href="Petroleum_engineering" title="Petroleum engineering">Petroleum</a></li>

<li><a href="Process_engineering" title="Process engineering">Process</a></li>

<li><a href="Chemical_reaction_engineering" title="Chemical reaction engineering">Reaction</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Materials_science" title="Materials science">Materials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Biomaterial" title="Biomaterial">Biomaterial</a></li>

<li><a href="Ceramic_engineering" title="Ceramic engineering">Ceramics</a></li>

<li><a href="Corrosion_engineering" title="Corrosion engineering">Corrosion</a></li>

<li><a href="Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">Metallurgy</a></li>

<li><a href="Molecular_engineering" title="Molecular engineering">Molecular</a></li>

<li><a href="Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology">Nanotechnology</a></li>

<li><a href="Polymer_engineering" title="Polymer engineering">Polymers</a></li>

<li><a href="Semiconductor_device" title="Semiconductor device">Semiconductors</a></li>

<li><a href="Surface_engineering" title="Surface engineering">Surfaces</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Systems_engineering_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Systems engineering (disambiguation)">Computer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Computer_engineering" title="Computer engineering">Computer</a></li>

<li><a href="Cybersecurity_engineering" title="Cybersecurity engineering">Cybersecurity</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_network_engineering" title="Computer network engineering">Networks</a></li>

<li><a href="Robotics_engineering" title="Robotics engineering">Robotics</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">Software</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Engineering_education" title="Engineering education">Engineering education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bachelor_of_Engineering" title="Bachelor of Engineering">Bachelor of Engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a></li>

<li><a href="Master's_degree" title="Master's degree">Master's degree</a></li>

<li><a href="Doctorate" title="Doctorate">Doctorate</a></li>

<li><a href="Graduate_certificate" title="Graduate certificate">Graduate certificate</a></li>

<li><a href="Engineer's_degree" title="Engineer's degree">Engineer's degree</a></li>

<li><a href="Regulation_and_licensure_in_engineering" title="Regulation and licensure in engineering">Licensed engineer</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Engineer" title="Engineer">Engineer</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Glossary" title="Glossary">Glossaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Engineering

<li><a href="Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering" title="Glossary of aerospace engineering">Aerospace engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_civil_engineering" title="Glossary of civil engineering">Civil engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_electrical_and_electronics_engineering" title="Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering">Electrical and electronics engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_mechanical_engineering" title="Glossary of mechanical engineering">Mechanical engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_structural_engineering" title="Glossary of structural engineering">Structural engineering</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Agricultural_engineering" title="Agricultural engineering">Agricultural</a></li>

<li><a href="Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Audio</a></li>

<li><a href="Automation_engineering" title="Automation engineering">Automation</a></li>

<li><a href="Biomedical_engineering" title="Biomedical engineering">Biomedical</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bioinformatics" title="Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics</a></li>

<li><a href="Clinical_engineering" title="Clinical engineering">Clinical</a></li>

<li><a href="Health_technology" title="Health technology">Health technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Pharmaceutical_engineering" title="Pharmaceutical engineering">Pharmaceutical</a></li>

<li><a href="Rehabilitation_engineering" title="Rehabilitation engineering">Rehabilitation</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Building_services_engineering" title="Building services engineering">Building services</a>

<li><a href="Design_engineer" title="Design engineer">Design</a></li>

<li><a href="Explosives_engineering" title="Explosives engineering">Explosives</a></li>

<li><a href="Facilities_engineering" title="Facilities engineering">Facilities</a></li>

<li><a href="Forensic_engineering" title="Forensic engineering">Forensic</a></li>

<li><a href="Climate_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate engineering">Climate</a></li>

<li><a href="Geomatics_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Geomatics engineering">Geomatics</a></li>

<li><a href="Engineering_drawing" title="Engineering drawing">Graphics</a></li>

<li><a href="Industrial_engineering" title="Industrial engineering">Industrial</a></li>

<li><a href="Instrumentation_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Instrumentation engineering">Instrumentation</a>

<ul><li><a href="Instrumentation_and_control_engineering" title="Instrumentation and control engineering">Instrumentation and control</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Logistics_engineering" title="Logistics engineering">Logistics</a></li>

<li><a href="Engineering_management" title="Engineering management">Management</a></li>

<li><a href="Engineering_mathematics" title="Engineering mathematics">Mathematics</a></li>

<li><a href="Mechatronics" title="Mechatronics">Mechatronics</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_engineering" title="Military engineering">Military</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuclear_engineering" title="Nuclear engineering">Nuclear</a></li>

<li><a href="Ontology_engineering" title="Ontology engineering">Ontology</a></li>

<li><a href="Packaging_engineering" title="Packaging engineering">Packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Engineering_physics" title="Engineering physics">Physics</a></li>

<li><a href="Privacy_engineering" title="Privacy engineering">Privacy</a></li>

<li><a href="Safety_engineering" title="Safety engineering">Safety</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_engineering" title="Security engineering">Security</a></li>

<li><a href="Survey_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Survey engineering">Survey</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_engineering" title="Sustainable engineering">Sustainability</a></li>

<li><a href="Systems_engineering" title="Systems engineering">Systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Textile_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Textile engineering">Textile</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Engineering" class="extiw external" title="commons:Engineering">Commons</a></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"></span></span> Wikiproject</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Portal%3AEngineering" title="Portal:Engineering">Portal</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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<ul><li><a href="Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering" title="Glossary of aerospace engineering">Aerospace engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_agriculture" title="Glossary of agriculture">Agriculture</a></li>

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<li><a href="Glossary_of_calculus" title="Glossary of calculus">Calculus</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_cell_biology" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of cell biology">Cell biology</a></li>

<li>Cellular and molecular biology

<li><a href="Glossary_of_chemistry_terms" title="Glossary of chemistry terms">Chemistry</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_civil_engineering" title="Glossary of civil engineering">Civil engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_clinical_research" title="Glossary of clinical research">Clinical research</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_computer_hardware_terms" title="Glossary of computer hardware terms">Computer hardware</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_computer_science" title="Glossary of computer science">Computer science</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_developmental_biology" title="Glossary of developmental biology">Developmental and reproductive biology</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_ecology" title="Glossary of ecology">Ecology</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_economics" title="Glossary of economics">Economics</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_electrical_and_electronics_engineering" title="Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering">Electrical and electronics engineering</a></li>

<li>Engineering

<li><a href="Glossary_of_entomology_terms" title="Glossary of entomology terms">Entomology</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_environmental_science" title="Glossary of environmental science">Environmental science</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_genetics_and_evolutionary_biology" title="Glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology">Genetics and evolutionary biology</a></li>

<li>Geography

<li><a href="Glossary_of_Arabic_toponyms" title="Glossary of Arabic toponyms">Arabic toponyms</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_Hebrew_toponyms" title="Glossary of Hebrew toponyms">Hebrew toponyms</a></li>

<li><a href="Oikonyms_in_Western_and_South_Asia" title="Oikonyms in Western and South Asia">Western and South Asia</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_geology" title="Glossary of geology">Geology</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_ichthyology" title="Glossary of ichthyology">Ichthyology</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_machine_vision" title="Glossary of machine vision">Machine vision</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_areas_of_mathematics" title="Glossary of areas of mathematics">Mathematics</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_mechanical_engineering" title="Glossary of mechanical engineering">Mechanical engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_medicine" title="Glossary of medicine">Medicine</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_meteorology" title="Glossary of meteorology">Meteorology</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_mycology" title="Glossary of mycology">Mycology</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_nanotechnology" title="Glossary of nanotechnology">Nanotechnology</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_bird_terms" title="Glossary of bird terms">Ornithology</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_physics" title="Glossary of physics">Physics</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_probability_and_statistics" title="Glossary of probability and statistics">Probability and statistics</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_psychiatry" title="Glossary of psychiatry">Psychiatry</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_quantum_computing" title="Glossary of quantum computing">Quantum computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_robotics" title="Glossary of robotics">Robotics</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_scientific_naming" title="Glossary of scientific naming">Scientific naming</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_structural_engineering" title="Glossary of structural engineering">Structural engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_virology" title="Glossary of virology">Virology</a></li></ul>

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